Sometimes, otherworldly means an experience that doesn't seem to be of Earth, even if it is. Sometimes, otherworldly is literally about another world. This week, we showcase both kinds of images, from a crescent moon above Earth and the green airflow of our atmosphere to a tiny shepherd moon orbiting in Saturn's rings and a visiting interstellar comet. Plus, the Perseverance rover scratched up a rock... for science!
Monday, 7 July 2025
Shepherd Moon
This image showcases the 9.8-kilometer-long moon Daphnis as it journeys within the Keeler Gap of Saturn's A ring, captured by Cassini's narrow-angle camera 15 years ago on July 5, 2010. As Daphnis orbits Saturn, it induces gravitational ripples along the edges of the gap. The ring particles are drawn toward the moon and then settle back into the ring. The waves generated by the moon on the inner edge of the gap advance ahead of it in orbit, while those on the outer edge trail behind due to variations in relative orbital velocities.
Tuesday, 8 July 2025
Waning Crescent Moon
NASA astronaut Bob Hines took this picture of the waning crescent moon on May 8, 2022, as the International Space Station flew into an orbital sunrise 260 miles above the Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of the United States. Since the station became operational in November 2000, crew members have produced hundreds of thousands of images of our Moon and Earth through Crew Earth Observations.
Wednesday, 9 July 2025
'Kenmore' Abrasion Patch
This close-up view of an abrasion made by NASA's Perseverance rover on June 5, 2025, shows distinctive "tool marks" formed as the abrasion bit interacted with the rock. These radiating patterns of lines tend to indicate that the rock is relatively hard. The image was taken from approximately 7 centimeters away by the rover's WATSON (Wide Angle Topographic Sensor for Operations and eNgineering) imager.
A maroon-brown rock coating is visible at the far edges and corners of the image. This coating was chipped off and removed within the area of the patch by the abrasion process.
Most of the distinctive white, millimeter-sized grains set within a finer-grained gray matrix contain feldspar (an aluminum silicate mineral). The irregularly shaped dark patches in the upper right quadrant, as well as those within the fracture that cuts through the lower half of the abrasion, are composed chiefly of manganese and nickel.
Thursday, 10 July 2025
Dipping into Airglow
The Big Dipper hovers above the Canadian Rockies in this breathtaking mountain and night sky image captured at Banff National Park in 2018. What truly stands out, however, is the stunning greenish airglow. This airglow is displayed here in undulating patterns and is caused by chemiluminescence, a process in which light is produced through chemical excitation and subsequent radiative decay. The energy for this chemical excitation comes from the Sun's extreme ultraviolet rays during the day. Unlike aurorae, which are confined to high-latitude regions, airglow can be observed worldwide.
The scene was documented in two shots using one camera: one exposure followed the stars, while the other remained anchored on a tripod.
Friday, 11 July 2025
Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS
ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT) has obtained new images of 3I/ATLAS, an interstellar object discovered last week. Identified as a comet, 3I/ATLAS is only the third visitor from outside the Solar System ever found, after 1I/ʻOumuamua and 2I/Borisov. Its highly eccentric hyperbolic orbit, unlike that of objects in the Solar System, gave away its interstellar origin.
In this image, several VLT observations have been overlaid, showing the comet as a series of dots that move to the right of the image over approximately 13 minutes on the night of July 3, 2025. The data were obtained with the FORS2 instrument and are available in the ESO archive.
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