Articles About Message Construction

To Err is Human and of Interest to ET?

Article written by Dr. Douglas Vakoch
Originally published on May 16 2002 at Space.com

Humans live and die by approximations. We are seldom as perfect or as accurate as we would like to be. And as we contemplate what we might say to an advanced extraterrestrial civilization, maybe thats a point we should emphasize.

If the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) succeeds, then its very likely the civilization we discover will be much older than our own. The reasoning is simple: if the typical civilization has the capacity to communicate by radio with other intelligence in the universe for only a few decades before it self-destructs, then its very unlikely that any two civilizations will happen to exist at almost the same small slice of time in the ten billion year history of our galaxy. The only way were likely to detect ET is if alien civilizations are much older than we are.

That disparity accounts for part of the emphasis of current SETI programs, which listen for signals from other civilizations rather than transmit. One reason we expect older civilizations to transmit is because they are more capable, and its much more costly to transmit than to listen.

Besideswhat could a young civilization possibly have to offer in an intellectual exchange across interstellar space? Surely advanced aliens would have little to gain from our understanding of astronomy or physics, chemistry or mathematics. What then might we say to hold up our end of an interstellar conversation?

One of our natural tendencies, when we make contact with strangers, is to try to impress them. Otherwise sloppy dressers might polish their shoes for a job interview, hopeful suitors will wash their cars for a first date, and prospective children-in-law will be on their best behavior in the presence of the parents of their intended.

Wouldnt we want to do the same in our first contact with ET? Lewis Thomas, in his book Lives of a Cell, suggests that if we want to impress an alien civilization, we should send "Bach, all of Bach, streamed out into space, over and over again." Thomas defends his choice by noting that "it is surely excusable for us to put the best possible face on at the beginning of such an acquaintance." And in fact when musical selections were chosen for the interstellar recording borne by two of the Voyager spacecraft, three of the 27 pieces were by Bach.

Perhaps even more impressive to an advanced civilization would be a more balanced presentation that reflects honesty about our foibles and a certain amount of self-acceptance of our imperfections. When looked at in this light, perhaps even a description of our somewhat primitive science, mathematics, and technology could be illuminating to extraterrestrials.

For example, at a recent workshop on The Art and Science of Interstellar Message Composition, sponsored by the SETI Institute and the Leonardo Network, artist Richard Clar emphasized the ways that the process of constructing messages could be instructive to ET. According to Clar, we might use technologies developed for other purposes to compose interstellar messages. For instance, if we wish to tell ET about the three-dimensional structure of the human body, we might create messages using medical imaging technologies like Computerized Axial Tomographymore commonly known as CAT-scans. Or if we want to show the human body in motion, we might use the same sort of motion capture technologies used, for example, to create animation sequences for the movie Final Fantasy, for which actors wore a special apparatus that allowed their motions to be filmed and translated into the movements of animated characters.

On the one hand, these technologies might allow us to communicate something about the three-dimensional structure of the human body or the biomechanics of human movement. But the messages would also, indirectly, contain information about the level of our development as a species. Though our technologies may be crude by extraterrestrial standards, the rudimentary nature of our attempts may itself be of interest to an advanced civilization, which might long since have forgotten the details of its own long struggle to develop a stable, enduring society.

Indeed, even a brief review of the history of terrestrial mathematics might prove of interest to an alien. As all high school geometry students can tell you, if we know the radius of a circle, we can easily calculate its circumference. Presumably, extraterrestrials would also know that c = 2pr, where "c" is the circumference of the circle and "r" is its radius.

What might surprise ET is how well humans get by, even when were a bit inaccurate. Though we now know that the value of p is 3.14159 and on it goes, into infinity, earlier mathematicians used much cruder estimates of it. For example, when wise King Solomon was planning a bathing area in the great temple he was constructing, its specifications indicated that the pool would be five units in diameter and 30 units in circumference. If you plug these numbers into the equation for calculating the circumference of a circle, youll see that the value of p was estimated to be 3. While this number underestimates pby about 5%, by all accounts, the temple turned out to be quite spectacular. Perhaps the most important message that ET could gain from this example is that in spite of our imperfections and miscalculations, we humans are capable of moving forward, sometimes with a fair amount of style.

Indeed, rather than continually focusing on ways that we as a species are superior beings, perhaps as we attempt to make contact with ET, we should take the opposite approach. As a species we are, to put it bluntly, quite imperfect. More often than our egos would like to admit, we snap at our spouses, forget appointments, pay our bills late, and round off important mathematical constants to the nearest integer.

Perhaps somewhere out there, circling a distant star, is an extraterrestrial civilization a million years our senior. Having long ago conquered war, poverty, and disease, having formed a stable society capable of enduring on timescales that stagger our imaginations, what would they think of our human flaws and imperfections? If some day we send them a message of our own, signaling our interest in joining the Galactic Club, would our application simply be laughed off?

Who knows? They might be surprised, perhaps even pleasantly so, to discover a young civilization that would initiate a conversation in which each exchange could take hundreds or thousands of years. Wise old extraterrestrials might even admire our audacity for believing that, in spite of our shortcomings, humans may continue to exist in the coming centuries perhaps even long enough to receive a reply from ET.

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